gustilo anderson open fracture

Antibiotic Indications for Open Fractures Gustillo type I and II 1st generation cephalosporin Gustillo type III Gustilo-Anderson classification. grade 1: clean wound 1 cm in length. grade 2: wound 1-10 cm in length without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps or avulsions. grade 3: extensive soft-tissue laceration (10 cm) or tissue loss/damage or an open segmental fracture. open fractures caused by farm injuries. The Gustilo open fracture classification system is the most commonly used classification system for open fractures. It was created by Ramón Gustilo and Anderson, and then further expanded by Gustilo, Mendoza, and Williams. The Gustilo-Anderson classification, despite its inherent limitations, is prognostically valuable for predicting orthopaedic infection [ 4, 16, 21 ]. It is widely accepted for research, communication, and training purposes, and its remains useful as a good, basic approach to manage open fractures. An open fracture is an injury where the fractured bone and/or fracture hematoma are exposed to the external environment via a traumatic violation of the soft tissue and skin. The skin wound may lie at a site distant to the fracture and not directly over it. Therefore, any fracture that has a concomitant wound should be considered open until proven otherwise.[1][2] The severity of open fractures was described according to both the Orthopaedic Trauma Association-Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) 18 and the Gustilo–Anderson classification 13, as ... The Gustilo-Anderson classification can be used to classify open fractures. Type 1: 1cm wound and clean. Type 2: 1-10cm wound and clean. Type 3A: 10cm wound and high-energy, but with adequate soft tissue coverage. Type 3B: 10cm wound and high-energy, but with inadequate soft tissue coverage. Gustilo-Anderson classification. grade 1: clean wound 1 cm in length. grade 2: wound 1-10 cm in length without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps or avulsions. grade 3: extensive soft-tissue laceration (10 cm) or tissue loss/damage or an open segmental fracture. open fractures caused by farm injuries. injuries requiring vascular intervention. ideal time of soft tissue coverage controversial, but most centers perform within 5-7 days. outcomes. infection rates of open fracture depend on zone of injury, periosteal stripping and delay in treatment. incidence of fracture-related infection range from 1% in type I open fractures to 30% in type III fractures. Table 1: Gustilo-Anderson Classification of Open Fractures Type Description I Open fracture with a wound less than 1 cm long, low energy, without gross contamination II Open fracture with a wound 1–10 cm long, low energy, without gross contamination or extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps, or avulsions III A national pragmatic trial into the management of open tibial fractures is required looking at fixation methods and soft tissue coverage, with at least a 2-year follow-up in order to ascertain the most appropriate management of these fractures and patient-related outcomes.